INTRODUCCION

En este blog encontraras algunos tips importantes para reforzar tus conocimientos básicos que se deben adquirir a la hora de presentar las pruebas ecaes enfocándonos básicamente hacia el área de ingles, para ello se publicaron varios vídeos y  ejercicios prácticos con el fin de adquirir mayor comprensión lectora.

PORQUE ES IMPORTANTE PRESENTAR LA PRUEBA ECAES

PORQUE ES IMPORTANTE PRESENTAR LA PRUEBA ECAES

Aprender y hablar una segunda lengua en este caso ingles, se hace necesario, y de suma importancia dentro de nuestros contextos, ya que enriquece nuestros saberes; tanto de alumnos como de docentes.

Dominar una lengua como el ingles amplia nuestra visión referente a otras culturas y forma de ver la vida en una sociedad multicultural y diversa, es necesario que estemos preparados para nuestros avances en esta nueva era. Los exámenes ecaes incluyen el idioma ingles para desde las estadísticas hacer una mirada de cómo los profesionales estamos preparados para el dominio de una segunda lengua.

El  ingles entonces se hace necesario porque determina el nivel en que están aquellos que presentan de manera individual esta prueba. Lo interesante es que estas estadísticas permitan evaluar la manera de cómo se esta enseñado el idioma ingles.

Partiendo de las competencias lecto escriturales tanto interpretativa, argumentativa y propositiva, podemos darle mayor enfoque a un mejor aprendizaje tanto a nivel intelectual como profesional. Para darle mayor relevancia a la prueba, es necesario concientizarnos del aporte que nos hace a nuestra trayectoria profesional teniendo así unos parámetros establecidos que nos generen hábitos de estudio lo cual es necesario para fortalecer las competencias ya mencionadas.

INGLES

video verbo tobe

EJERCICIOS PRACTICOS

El verbo 'To be' tiene una importancia especial en inglés. Se corresponde a los verbos españoles "ser" y "estar". Dependiendo del sentido de la frase deduciremos de cual de los dos se trata.

I am English / Soy inglés
I am in England / Estoy en Inglaterra

Tiene algunos usos especiales distintos a sus equivalentes españoles. 

- Sirve para expresar la edad, en cuyo caso se traduce por 'tener':

Mary is 20 years old / Maria tiene 20 años
I am 21 / Yo tengo 21 años
How old are you? / ¿Cuántos años tienes?

- Para expresar las sensaciones también se emplea el verbo 'to be' y equivale al 'tener' español.

Are you hungry? / ¿Tienes hambre?
He is thirsty / Tiene sed

- También para hablar sobre el tiempo atmosférico. En este caso se traduce por 'hacer'

It's windy / Hace viento
It's very cold / Hace mucho frío

PRESENTE DE INDICATIVO

FORMA AFIRMATIVA	FORMA NEGATIVA	FORMA INTERROGATIVA
I am (I'm)	I am not (I'm not)	am I?
soy, estoy	no soy, no estoy	¿soy yo?, ¿estoy yo?
you are (you're)	you are not (you're not)	are you?
eres, estás	no eres, no estás	¿eres tú?, ¿estás tú?
he is (he's)	he is not (he's not)	is he?
él es, está	él no es, no está	¿es él?, ¿está él?
we are (we're)	we are not (we're not)	are we?
somos, estamos	no somos, no estamos	¿somos?, ¿estamos?
you are (you're)	you are not (you're not)	are you?
sois, estáis	no sois, no estáis	¿sois?, ¿estáis?
they are (they're)	they are not (they're not)	are they?
ellos son, están	ellos no son, no están	¿son, están ellos?

PRETERITO (se corresponde al pretérito indefinido y al pretérito imperfecto español)

FORMA AFIRMATIVA	FORMA NEGATIVA	FORMA INTERROGATIVA
I was	I was not (I wasn't)	was I?
fui, era / estuve, estaba	no fui, no era / no estuve, no estaba	¿fui?, ¿era? / ¿estuve?, ¿estaba?
you were	you were not (you weren't)	Were you?
fuiste, eras / estuviste, estabas	no fuiste, no eras / no estuviste, no estabas	¿fuiste?, ¿eras? / ¿estuviste?, ¿estabas?
he was	he was not (he wasn't)	was he?
fue, era / estuvo, estaba	no fue, no era / no estuvo, no estaba	¿fue?, ¿era? / ¿estuvo?. ¿estaba?
we were	we were not (we weren't)	were we?
fuimos, éramos, / estuvimos, estábamos	no fuimos, no éramos, / no estuvimos, no estábamos	¿fuimos?, ¿éramos? / ¿estuvimos?, estábamos
you were	you were not (you weren't)	were you?
fuisteis, erais, / estuvisteis, estabais	no fuisteis, no erais / no estuvisteis, no estabais	¿fuisteis?, ¿erais?, /  ¿estuvisteis?, ¿estabais?
they were	they were not (they weren't)	were they?
fueron, eran / estuvieron, estaban	no fueron, no eran / no estuvieron, no estaban	¿fueron?, ¿eran? / ¿estuvieron?, ¿estaban?

En el Presente, las formas afirmativa y negativa se pueden contraer, mientras que en la forma interrogativa no. En el pretérito solamente la forma negativa puede contraerse.

Las formas contraídas suelen utilizarse en la conversación, pero no se usan de forma escrita salvo cuando el propio escrito tiene un carácter informal o refleja una conversación.

TO BE + INFINITIVO

Cuando al verbo 'to be' le sigue un infinitivo adquiere una importancia especial:

- Es una forma de dar instrucciones u órdenes de manera impersonal.

She is to stay here till we return / Ella debe quedarse aquí hasta que volvamos
(en lugar de 'She must stay....')

- Sirve para establecer un plan

She is to be married next year / Ella va a casarse el año próximo

TO BE + GOING TO

Expresa una forma de futuro. Equivale a las expresiones españolas "ir a..., estar punto de... tener la intención de..., etc."

We are going to the theatre tonight / Vamos al teatro esta noche
I am going to travel to Buenos Aires next Monday / Tengo la intención de viajar a Buenos Aires el próximo lunes.

A) - Escríbe las frases completas usando la forma correcta del verbo 'To be':

1. These bags  heavy. 2. I  an engineer. My wife  a nurse. 3. This house  not very expensive. 4. My books  on the table. 5.  You a good teacher?

B) - Traduce las siguientes frases al inglés.

1. ¿Dónde estabas ayer a las 4? 2. Estuve en la escuela hasta las 8 3. ¿Hizo buen tiempo ayer? 4. Tengo hambre. ¿Puedo comer algo? 5. Mis padres no son italianos.

En esta parte podrás aplicar lo aprendido, practicar y comprobar que recuerdas tanto el vocabulario como la gramática de la lección. Si cometes errores, se recomienda repasar los temas y volver a realizar los ejercicios.

PRESENTE SIMPLE

Exercise 2

Elige la opción más adecuada para responder a las siguientes preguntas.

Principio del formulario

Do you play tennis?
Yes, I do.
Yes, I am.

Does she play tennis?
Yes, she do.
Yes, she does.

Is he a lawyer?
No, he isn't.
No, he don't.

Are you a teacher?
Yes, I do.
Yes, I am.

Does he go to school?
No, he does not.
No, he don't.

Is Marvin a doctor?
Yes, he does.
Yes, he is.

Are you a student?
Yes, you are.
Yes, I am.

Does she speak English?
Yes, she does.
Yes, she do.

Do you work?
Yes, I am.
No, I don't.

Does she play golf?
No, she is not.
Yes, she does.

PRESENTE CONTINUO
En esta parte podrás aplicar lo aprendido, practicar y comprobar que recuerdas tanto el vocabulario como la gramática de la lección. Si cometes errores, se recomienda repasar los temas y volver a realizar los ejercicios.

Exercise 1

Completa los recuadros con las respuestas correctas. Entre paréntesis se indica el verbo que se debe utilizar.

What is she doing?
She (read)  a book. 

What is she doing?
She (have)  a drink. 

What are they doing?
They (dance)  

What is he doing?
He (write)  a letter. 

What is he doing?
He (work)  

What are they doing?
They (watch)  the eclipse. 

Simple Past

Aquí te ofrecemos más verbos irregulares de uso común con su forma de pasado simple. Deberás aprenderlos de memoria!

INFINITIVO	PASADO SIMPLE
buy (comprar)	bought
come (venir)	came
drink (beber)	drank
eat (comer)	ate
feel (sentir)	felt
put (poner)	put
run (correr)	ran
send (enviar)	sent
sleep (dormir)	slept
take (tomar)	took
think (pensar)	thought

 Exercise

Completa colocando el verbo entre paréntesis en Simple Present o Simple Past.
1. Everyday I (go)  to school.
 2. Last year we (visit)  our grandchildren.
3. Jane often (cook)  a meal for her husband.
4. Yesterday, she (have)  lunch with her sister.
5. Last week, Rob (buy)  a new car.
6. I (send)  three letters yesterday.
7. We (invite)  our family for dinner last night.
8. We always (invite)  our family for dinner on Sundays.
9. Jane usually (take)  the bus.
10. Yesterday, Jane (take)  the train.

Final del formulario

 FUTURO GOING TO

Exercise 1

Completa los recuadros con el verbo entre paréntesis conjugado en futuro con 'going to'.

1. Sylvie (play)  tennis. 
2. It (rain)  ! 
3. Paul (travel)  around the world. 
4. I (spend)  a week in Paris. 
5. Peter and Lucy (have)  dinner at a restaurant. 
6. You (buy)  a new house. 
7. We (see)  a film on Saturday. 

Uso del auxiliar can

En lecciones anteriores ya hemos estudiado el auxiliar DO. Ahora es el turno de CAN. Este auxiliar tiene dos usos principales:

1. Para expresar una habilidad. Es el equivalente al español "saber".

I can swim.
Sé nadar.

I can drive a car.
Sé conducir un auto.

2. Para expresar una posibilidad. Es el equivalente al español "poder".

Can I go home?
¿Puedo irme a mi casa?

Where can I buy some apples?
¿Donde puedo comprar unas manzanas?

When can you come?
¿Cuando puedes venir?

El auxiliar CAN es igual para todas las personas.

CAN PLAY
I	can	play
You	can	play
He	can	play
She	can	play
It	can	play
We	can	play
You	can	play
They	can	play

Exercise

Completa con can o can't.
1. Where  I see a good rock concert? 
2. Can Lisa speak French?
No, she  . 
3. What  you do? 
4. Can Lucy drive?
Yes, she  . 
5. Where  I buy a new camera? 
6.  you read in Portuguese? 
Yes, I can.
7. Can I invite my friends?
Yes, they  come. 
8.  you help me, please? 
9.  you play the piano? 
10. I  find my keys. Where are they? 

Possessive Adjectives - Adjetivos Posesivos

Se utilizan para indicar a quién pertenece el sujeto u objeto de la oración. Van seguidos de un sustantivo (o una cláusula nominal).

Possessive Adjectives
my	mi / mis
your	tu / tus
his	su / sus
her	su / sus
its	su / sus
our	nuestro/a/os/as
your	vuestro/a/os/as
their	su / sus

Como se puede observar, son muchos menos que en español, ya que no se diferencian en singular o plural. Por ejemplo:

my car mi auto

my cars mis autos

Sin embargo, debe prestar atención cuando se refiere a la tercera persona, ya que en castellano se usa "su" en todos los casos, mientras que en inglés varían según la persona.

Nota además que "your" puede referirse al singular (tu) o al plural (vuestro).

my house
your house
his house
her house
its house
our house
your house
their house

Si se está hablando de una persona y se describe su casa, se usaría his o her, según el sexo de dicha persona.

John lives in New York. His house is very big.
Susan lives in New York. Her house is very big.

Pero si se habla de un animal se debe utilizar its.

The cat lives in New York. Its name is Bob.

Exercise 4

Completa los recuadros con This is o These are.

Principio del formulario

a computer.	cherries.
coins.	a hat.
an umbrella.	a clock.
an apple.	books.

EJERCICIOS COMPRENSION LECTORA

Coventry

Coventry is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. With a population of 304,746 (2002 estimate), Coventry is the ninth largest city in England.

Coventry has long been a centre of motor and cycle manufacturing, dating back from 1896, the car and cycle industry has been a strong centre point for this town. Starting out with some less familiar names such as Coventry Motette, Great Horseless Carriage Co, Swift and more familiar names like Humber, Riley and Daimler and the Triumph motorcycle having its origins in 1902 in a Coventry factory. Although the motor industry has declined, the Jaguar company has its headquarters and a factory in the city, and a large Peugeot car factory is located in Ryton just outside the city. The famous London black cab taxis are also produced in Coventry by LTI.

Coventry's main industries include: cars, electronic equipment, machine tools, agricultural machinery, man-made fibres, aerospace components and telecommunications equipment.

Coventry is becoming increasingly important as a university city, being the home of the University of Warwick and Coventry University. It is also home to the Coventry Transport Museum, where the world speed record breaking cars, Thrust2 and ThrustSSC are displayed.

On the 14th November 1940 during World War II, large areas of the city, including its cathedral, were destroyed in a massive German bombing raid and in later raids. The rebuilt Coventry Cathedral was opened in 1962 next to the ruins of the old. It was designed by Basil Spence and contains the tapestry, "Christ in Majesty" by Graham Sutherland and the bronze statue of St Michael and the Devil by Jacob Epstein. Benjamin Britten's War Requiem, regarded by some as his masterpiece, was written for the opening of the new Cathedral.

Coventry's most famous resident was Lady Godiva, who according to legend, rode through the city naked on horseback (actually, she likely rode the horse bareback, not barenaked), in protest at high taxes being waged on the cityfolk by her husband Leofric. According to the legend, the residents of the city were asked to look away as she rode, but one man didn't and was allegedly struck blind, he became known as Peeping Tom thus originating the term. There is a statue of her in the city centre.

In football Coventry is represented by Coventry City F.C. who in May of 1987 won the FA Cup to bring the cup home.

Questions about the text

Principio del formulario

1. Coventry has a population of less than half million people.
True.
False.
We don't know.

2. Jaguar has its headquarters and a factory outside the city.
True.
False.
We don't know.

3. There's a Transport Museum in Coventry.
True.
False.
We don't know.

4. The city was destroyed during World War II.
True.
False.
We don't know.

5. Lady Godiva protested against high taxes.
True.
False.
We don't know.

Lake District

The Lake District National Park is one of fourteen National parks in the United Kingdom. It lies entirely within Cumbria, and is one of England's few mountainous regions. All the land in England higher than three thousand feet above sea level lies within the Park. The Lakes, as the region is also called, were made famous during the early 19th century by the poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and the Lake Poets.

The Lake District is about 34 miles (55 km) across (north-to-south or west-to-east). Its features are a result of periods of glaciation, the most recent of which ended some 15000 years ago. The ice carved wide U-shaped valleys, many of which are now filled with the lakes that give the park its name. The upper regions contain a number of glacial cirques, which are typically filled with tarns. The higher fells are rocky, with lower fells being open moorland, notable for its wide bracken and heather coverage. Below the tree line native oak woodlands sit alongside nineteenth century pine plantations. Much of the land is often boggy, due to the high rainfall.

Questions about the text

Principio del formulario

1. There are 14 national parks in the UK.
True.
False.
We don't know.

2. The Lake District is about...
34 km across.
55 km across.
55 miles across.

3. The latest glaciation period was 15000 years ago.
True.
False.
We don't know.

4. The ice formed the valleys, which then became lakes.
True.
False.
We don't know.

5. It doesn't rain too much in the area.
True.
False.
We don't know.

Peak District

The Peak District is an upland area in central and northern England, mainly spanning Derbyshire, but also covering bits of Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Staffordshire and South and West Yorkshire. Most of the area became the first national park in the nation. It is conventionally split into the northern Dark Peak, where most of the moorland is found, and the southern White Peak, where most of the population lives. The park's controlling authority claims it to be the world's second most popular national park.

The White Peak is underlain with early Carboniferous limestone, which produces numerous caves - this is sometimes known as Karst topography. Under the Dark Peak lie shales and sandstones of the late Carboniferous millstone grit. Much of the Peak, and its adjacent areas, approximates to the structure of an eroded dome. The coal measures of the carboniferous lie just outside the district, especially on the eastern edge. Then, moving inwards, come the gritstone edges, the shales, and in the central region the limestone of the White Peak.

Questions about the text

Principio del formulario

1. The Peak District is located in the south of England.
True.
False.
We don't know.

2. The White Peak is the most populated part of the district.
True.
False.
We don't know.

3. The Peak District is considered the second most popular national park in the world.
True.
False.
We don't know.

4. Much of the Peak has the form of an eroded dome.
True.
False.
We don't know.

5. Coal can be found inside the Peak district.
True.
False.
We don't know.

Heathrow Airport

London Heathrow Airport or Heathrow is one of the busiest airports in the world. The airport is the United Kingdom's busiest airport, as well as being Europe's busiest airport for passenger traffic and the airport with the highest international passenger traffic in the world. The airport is owned and operated by BAA which is owned by the Spanish Ferrovial Group. The airport is also a primary hub of British Airways and a major hub for rivals BMI and Virgin Atlantic.

The airport is located towards the southern end of the London Borough of Hillingdon, 24 km (15 miles) west of Central London, England. It is one of two international London airports to be located within the boundary of the Greater London Area, the other being London City Airport. To the north, Heathrow is surrounded by the built-up areas of Harlington, Harmondsworth, Longford and Cranford, to the east are Hounslow and Hatton, and to the south are East Bedfont and Stanwell. To the west, the M25 motorway separates the airport from Colnbrook in Berkshire.

Heathrow has two parallel main runways running east-west and four terminals. A new terminal, Terminal 5, is under construction and will open in March 2008. There are plans to redevelop or rebuild other terminals and add extra runways. Beginning in 2008 and finishing by 2012, the construction of Heathrow East will replace Terminal 2 and The Queens Building.

Heathrow Airport has a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P527) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction.

Questions about the text

Principio del formulario

1. It's the airport with the highest international passenger traffic in the world.
True.
False.
We don't know.

2. The airport is located 24km from central London.
True.
False.
We don't know.

3. A new terminal is under development.
True.
False.
We don't know.

4. By 2012 the airport will be closed.
True.
False.
We don't know.

5. Flying instruction is given in the airport.
True.
False.
We don't know.

Final del formulario